Why Modi's UK visit has been a big success
Away from the glare of television cameras and his domestic critics, Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to the UK last week has managed to radically reshape the contours of the India-UK partnership.
Where the media was keen to highlight the controversies surrounding Modi, he has managed to redefine the India-UK relationship for the new century. Though the two countries sealed £9-billion worth of commercial deals in the retail, logistics, energy, finance, IT, education and health sectors, it was the perceptual change in this bilateral tie-up that will have a much lasting impact on the future trajectory of a relationship which was seemingly headed nowhere before this visit.
Doubts
Modi's visit came at a time when there were widespread doubts if New Delhi took the UK seriously at all despite British Prime Minister David Cameron's impressive outreach to India. Ever since he came to office six years ago, Cameron had made a serious effort to upgrade India-UK ties. In fact, in his first term, India was at the top of the list of emerging powers which his government decided to court.
And it did make a serious effort only to be snubbed by the then UPA government. It is one of the reasons why in Cameron's second term China has got a pride of place. Chinese President Xi Jinping's successful visit to the UK last month resulted in two nations signing £40 billion worth of contracts, including for the project to build a nuclear power station in Britain. In one of the most significant shifts in British foreign policy in decades, the UK is trying to position itself as a key partner of China in Europe. Modi, therefore, timely recognised it was time for him to reciprocate Cameron's investment in India.
India and Britain had forged a "strategic partnership" during British ex-PM Tony Blair's visit to India in 2005, but it remained a partnership only in name. The Conservatives are keen on imparting it a new momentum.
The UK is the largest European investor in India, and India is the second largest investor in the UK. Indian students are the second-largest group in Britain. There are significant historical, linguistic and cultural ties that remain untapped. But the Labour government's legacy for India is very complex and Cameron's government needed great diplomatic finesse to manage the challenges.
This was particularly true of the issue of Kashmir where the Labour government could not help but irritate New Delhi. As late as 2009, UK's former foreign secretary David Miliband was hectoring the Indian government that the resolution of the Kashmir dispute is essential to solving the problem of extremism in South Asia. Cameron made a serious effort to jettison the traditional British approach towards the subcontinent in so far as it has decided to deal with India as a rising power, not merely as a South Asian entity that needs to be seen through the prism of Pakistan.
Indian diplomats have a tendency to say that the UK is nothing but 51st state of the US. While it may serve some rhetorical purpose, it is counterproductive to take such a myopic approach. In recent times, there has been a divergence between the US and the UK on a range of issues. Modi's visit has managed to successfully put India-UK ties back on track and to redefine the terms of the relationship when India is no longer a supplicant but an emerging power, even providing jobs to the British economy. Modi's tour to Jaguar Land Rover, which is owned by India's Tata Motors, was meant to underscore this changing dynamic. His outreach to the Indian diaspora also signalled the power of the British-Indian community in the UK politics. When Cameron mentioned the growing list of British-Indian MPs and suggested that soon a British-Indian might even become the UK PM, he was merely stating the obvious.
Investments
Economics, of course, stands at the heart of the India-UK relationship. Cameron wants to make the UK a part of Indian economy's success story, while Modi would like greater British investment supporting his Make in India initiative. India can leverage other British advantages as well. From education, health, culture, infrastructure, science and high-technology to areas such as policing and intelligence, Britain is still a global leader. India needs to keep this in mind as it approaches its engagement with the UK. Britain is keen to share its expertise at this point to help in building capacities in India. Delhi needs to be more receptive. Modi's visit made it clear that he regards Britain as vital as India seeks to build its domestic economy.
Progress
More significantly, Modi has made the relationship more forward-looking. He made an attempt to lay the legacy of Britain's imperial past to rest when he suggested that "the soil of London" had given birth to India's "freedom struggle", referring to India's numerous freedom fighters who studied in the UK. In the past, Pakistan was viewed as a key stumbling block in India-UK ties. Refreshingly, in his multiple public engagements, Modi never once mentioned Pakistan. The only reference came in the Modi-Cameron joint statement in which the two leaders reiterated "their call for Pakistan to bring the perpetrators of the November 2008 terror attack in Mumbai to justice" even as they underscored their resolve "to work together to disrupt all financial and tactical support for terrorist networks, including ISIS, al Qaeda, Lashkar-e-Taiba, Hizb-ul-Mujahideen, the Haqqanis and associated groups".
The two sides managed to successfully conclude negotiations on a bilateral Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement signed in 2010, providing a framework for further cooperation and the UK reiterated its strong support for India's permanent membership of the UN Security Council.
Where the UK has failed is in articulating a broader strategic vision for its ties with India and this is related to its failure to view Asia beyond economics and trade. Modi had an opportunity to clarify some of these larger issues during his trip. Both sides seem to recognise the challenge.
In the first speech by a serving Indian PM to British Parliament, Modi said that the UK and India were "two strong economies and two innovative societies" but their relationship "must set higher ambitions". Modi's visit has succeeded in changing the course of India-UK ties considerably. It'll be now up to the two nations to build on its success.